Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Machiavelli Essay - 1855 Words

Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Machiavelli The thirteenth through the eighteenth century brought profound changes in the political realm of Western civilization. Beginning with the Scientific Revolution and only advancing during the Renaissance, secularization and skepticism lead to changes in not only the intellectual life of Westerners, but also to their politics. At the forefront of the political debate were well-versed men such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau. The influences of these men, though often criticized, can clearly be seen in the centuries and decades following their noted works. Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau shared many concepts, but the similarities between their theories end at the word politics.†¦show more content†¦Machiavelli identifies the interests of the prince with the interests of the state. He felt that it was human nature to be selfish, opportunistic, cynical, dishonest, and gullible, which in essence, can be true. The state of nature was one of conflict; but conflic t, Machiavelli reasoned, could be beneficial under the organization of a ruler. Machiavelli did not see all men as equal. He felt that some men were better suited to rule than others. I believe that this is true in almost any government. However, man in general, was corrupt -- always in search of more power. He felt that because of this corruptness, an absolute monarch was necessary to insure stability. Machiavelli outlined what characteristics this absolute ruler should have in The Prince. One example of this can be seen in his writings concerning morality. He saw the Judeo-Christian values as faulty in the states success. Such visionary expectations, he held, bring the state to ruin, for we do not live in the world of the ought, the fanciful utopia, but in the world of is. The princes role was not to promote virtue, but to insure security. He reasoned that the Judeo-Christian values would make a ruler week if he actually possessed them, but that they could be useful in dealing with the citizens if the prince seemed to have these qualities. Another example of Machiavellis ideal characteristics of a princeShow MoreRelatedWhat Have Theorists Meant by Liberty? Essay example1589 Words   |  7 Pagescould be described has having considerably more liberty when compared with many of the less developed Arab nations. Theorists have studied the concept of liberty for centuries and there have been a number of different definitions, from people like Machiavelli to more modern theorists like Mill. It is the fundamental value that allows people to make decisions for themselves in civilised society. Without liberty, people would live in a situation where every last detail of their lives is dictated to themRead MoreRousseau s Views On Private Property2452 Words   |  10 PagesThe quote was made by Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) in his creation â€Å"On Social Contract (1762)† (Rousseau, Social Contract, 4). Rousseau’s discourse on private property can be understood as a response to John Locke’s theories regarding property – and especially to Locke’s labor theory and the government’s role in it (assumption based on the similarity of their discourse). According to Locke’s labor theory, a man’s labor defines his right to own something (Locke, Second Treatise Government, 16)Read MoreNiccolo Machiavellis Change In The Scientific Revolution And Secularism Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesCatholic Counter-Reformation, as well as the Protestant Reformation, and Niccolo Machiavelli wrote his famous book The Prince, which would serve as the basis for political science and political realism. Machiavelli had experience in politics, serving as several roles in the Florentine government. Machiavelli aimed to securalize politics by taking religion and morality out of it. Perhaps this idea of secularization would lead Locke, Jefferson, and Bentham to advocate for the separation of the church and theR ead MorePolitical Philosophy Is Not Just Applied Moral Philosophy Essay2560 Words   |  11 Pagesand the right or the good political order.† In the history of political philosophy, many philosophers have born and influence the era with their theory. There some renowned philosopher from ancient time to modern are Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau etc.They gave theory on state, Justice, government, education. In western political history Plato is a legend philosopher whose thought considered wealth of the century and till influence the people’s thinking world.The Republic isRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Views On Political Philosophy Essay3649 Words   |  15 PagesAristotle mainly puts emphasis on the institutions of the state. Another famous political thinker, Machiavelli, in his book, The Prince, states about the nature of human. He asserted that good ruler sometimes has to learn to be not good to maintain the stability of state. According to him, man by nature is selfish, self centered and greedy. Man remains unsatisfied and aggressive. Machiavelli considers state as the highest association and citizens are not above law. The Prince is the absoluteRead MorePolitical Philosophy, By Steven Cahn1197 Words   |  5 PagesIn Steven Cahn s book, Political Philosophy, The Essential Texts, philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau created the circumstances to enable the fundamental principals of philosophy and politics. These knowledgeable, astute and significant men have helped to achieve the structure of our past and present democracy as well as a plan of action for the rights and values that we as citizens can all relate to today. They are grounded in their thinking and tie d togetherRead MorePolitical Science And Political Philosophy Essay3559 Words   |  15 Pageswill help the citizens to understand why things need to be changed.†Political philosophy explores the nature, principles, and rationale that underlie the exercise of government†.[Hudelson,1999] Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Karl Marx, Thomas Hobbes, john Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau were well known major political thinkers. Plato gives the concept of ideal state where the state is like a human including three elements-philosophers, soldiers and workers .The philosopher is like a king who makesRead MoreEssay on Democracy vs Absolutism745 Words   |  3 Pagesdemocracy. Throughout the enlightenment there were philosophes who believed greatly in a democratic government. Some of the most familiar philosophes were Voltaire, John Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau. Each one of these philosophes were humanists and believed in natural rights. John Locke quotes an example of natural rights in document 5. Locke states in this document that all men are born with the natural rights of life liberty, and property, the government is to protect these rights, and if the governmentRead MoreA Review of Ethics Concepts Theories2669 Words   |  11 PagesConcepts Theories Educational Objectives: 1. Explain the type of problem that is addressed by philosophers. 2. Explain how ethical norms help address ethical issues that arise in accountancy. 3. Contrast the views of Mills, Machiavelli and Kant. 4. Describe what is meant by a social contract. 5. Analyze a given situation and tell why it would be appropriate or inappropriate to lie. 6. Explain the views of Kierkegaard and contrast him from other existentialistsRead MoreEssay on Differentiating Marx and Rousseau2189 Words   |  9 Pagesphilosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Karl Marx dreamt up and developed unique theories of total revolution. Although similar in their intention to dissolve dividing institutions such as religion and class structure, as well as their shared reluctance to accept the rather less hopeful conclusions of government and man that had been drawn by their predecessors Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, the blueprints Rousseau and Marx had printed were cited to two very different sources. Rousseau approached the problem

The Kantian View of Animal Ethics - 1841 Words

Kant’s Ethics of Metaphysics: A Response To the Charge of Speciesism I. In this paper I will present the charge of speciesism contended by many animal right’s activists. I will attempt to substantiate Immanuel Kant’s view on animal morality and justify how his philosophy is not in violation of speciesism. Furthermore, I will explain how the Kantian view still grants animals some moral consideration through the designation of â€Å"indirect duties†. Lastly, I will present a difficulty with accepting the Kantian view of â€Å"indirect duties† towards animals. Moral quandaries regarding animals are still demanding the attention of many philosophers as they attempt to modify and inspect the relationship between morality and social policy.†¦show more content†¦So we are left with the daunting question: is there any validity to Pollan’s claim? At first it would appear that Kant presupposes human beings as the only species worthy of morality without giving any explanatory criterion. Kant develops one of his foundation al doctrines called â€Å"The Categorical Imperative†, which can be summarized in the following sentence: â€Å"Act in such a way that you treat humanity in such a way, whether in ourselves or in others, as an end in itself† (Groundwork II). It seems that Kant believes that human beings bar none deserve what he calls ‘respect’ or what we are calling moral consideration. However, after a closer examination it becomes apparent that Kant is not guilty of speciesism at all. In a remarkably similar excerpt Kant says, â€Å"as rational beings, we must always at the same time be valued as ends (pg 239 4:430). It is almost as if Kant just substituted the phrase humanity with rational beings. When both excerpts are read in conjunction it becomes apparent that Kant includes human beings into his moral system not because of an arbitrary nepotism towards his own kind (homo sapiens) but because of a human being’s attribute of rationality. In other words, Kantâ €™s criterion for moral considerability is rationality and not intelligence. When Kant says to treat humanity in such aShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Theories Of Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay, I will be discussing an article about a woman who starved her two horses. I will address the issue about whether or not the woman’s action was ethical. I will use the two ethical theories of utilitarianism and Kantian ethics to support my argument. I will also suggest a different course of action the woman could have taken to be justified, through both ethical theories. The article follows the story about an Australian woman who breached her duty of care to two horses that she ownedRead MoreA Good Deed Of The Elephants1639 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as preserving animal populations. That would be a big win for animal activists, and the government is appealing to that group. This is where utilitarianism plays into the minds of government officials. The government wants to do what is best for the nation, so selling the ivory stockpile to fund conservation programs is their plan to achieve that desire. As long as the government does not authorize or promote the killing or harming of elephants, it is doing a good deed. Its view of utilitarianismRead MoreMoral Theories Can Help Justify The Decisions That Are Made882 Words   |  4 Pagesa more general level than moral or legal principles and rules. The four main groups that one should be aware of are: Utilitarian, Kantian, Aristotelian and Feminist. Utilitarian Utilitarianism is based on maximizing human welfare, it is seen as the only way to determines the rightness of actions (Duignan, 2015). Furthermore, theory is in opposition to egoism, the view that a person should pursue his own self-interest, even at the expense of others, and to any ethical theory that regards some actsRead MoreA Defense of Euthanasia1265 Words   |  6 Pagesthat oppose this view. For the purpose of this essay, I will be defending those who are for euthanasia. My thesis, just by looking at this issue from a logical standpoint, is that if someone is suffering, I believe they should be allowed the right to end their lives, either by their own consent or by someone with the proper authority to make the decision. No living being should leave this world in suffering. To go about obtaining my thesis, I will first present my opponents view on the issue. I willRead MoreA Proper Moral Guideline For A Rational Being1664 Words   |  7 Pagesconsequentialism, which is supp orted by Bentham and Mill, Kantian ethics which is essentially penned by Kant, and virtue ethics, of which Aristotle’s version would be the best example to represent that field of theory. The essence of this argument lies in what the three theories seek in order to understand our moral limits in accordance to positive and negative reaction of such ideas and overall acceptance and application of such theories; with virtue ethics being the basis of the argument contribute to creatingRead MoreImmanuel Kant And The Principle Of Morality1279 Words   |  6 Pagesact autonomously. John Stuart Mill was responsible for putting forth the utilitarian ethical theory. Utilitarianism is a theory which states an exceptional action is one which maximizes one’s utility. The well-being of humans and sentient animals is the true definition of utility. Utility can also be defined as the sum of all pleasure that results from an action, minus the suffering of anyone involved. Therefore, if an act performed is has the intention of being for the greater good of humanityRead MoreFeminist Ethics : A Better Alternative Than Traditional Normative Ethical Theories Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagesthe question: Could feminist ethics provide a â€Å"better† alternative than traditional normative ethical theories? In order to answer this question, one must have an understanding of what feminist ethics is and what it aims to accomplish. According to Rosemarie Tong and Nancy Williams, feminist ethics is â€Å"an attempt to revise, reformulate, or rethink tradition al ethics to the extent it depreciates or devalues women s moral experience.† An important point in feminist ethics is to understand how genderRead MoreUtilatarian, Deontology and Virtue Ethics1618 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism is defined as ethic based on consequences. An act, either it is morally wrong or good is acceptable as long as the end outcome is greater. In this essay on utilitarianism, I would argue Peter Singer’s calculus preferences, equality is for all living being but sacrificing one for greater good is plausible. Counter argument of Immanuel Kant’s moral deontology claim, it is immoral to consider a human being as a means to an end. John Mills’ actions are right as long they promote happinessRead MoreKant And Aldo Leopold s Ethics Regarding Sustainability And Personal Obligation3383 Words   |  14 PagesThe ethics of sustainability has become increasingly relevant as more and more countries acknowledge global climate change and the subsequent environmental crisis. Recent evidence strongly suggests that the vast majority of environmental crises, including climate change, are caused and perpetuated by humans. Perhaps the silver lining to the fact that environmental crises are anthropogenic is that we, as a species, have the opportunity to control the problem by changing our behaviors. This paper exploresRead MoreWhy Natural Law Theory Is an Inadequate Criticism of Homosexuality1147 Words   |  5 Pagesargument more clearly, because there are certain semantic inconsistencies with Kantian ethical Theory that will be discussed further on. Let us first consider the premise that homosexuality is contrary to Natural Law, because the Natural Law dictates that sexual relationships must be heterosexual and have as a (perhaps eventual) goal of reproduction. According to an Australian newspaper, there are 450 species of animals on the Earth that practice homosexuality. Although asexual worms may come to

Research Methodology for Business and Management Tesco Plc

Question: An analysis of the effectiveness of social media marketing in shaping consumer attitudes towards brands; a case study of Tesco Plc. Answer: Introduction The wide spread and rise of Internet and the quickly developing buyers' digital media utilization drove organizations involved in distinctive business divisions to consider another method for correspondence with clients (Cheong and Morrison, 2008). Among the quickest developing online apparatuses for coming to the customers is the supposed "social media" (Trusov, Bucklin Pauwels, 2009). Here it can be said that the social media is turning into an essential part in the lives of the individuals and it can be viewed later marketing methodologies done within that domain. The representation of social media to the online contents, freely made and accessible to end clients. It is turning into one of the principle instruments used to spread data among clients. Social media sites, blogs, or content communities all speak to different individual groups that make and offer contents outside and inside of expert schedules. This sensation for the marketers is of high enthusiasm as online media is turning into an essential source of client data imparting, mindfulness, backing and strengthening (Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010). Therefore social media permits organizations to viably and reasonably take part in direct customer contact, coming to levels of proficiency without a doubt higher than whatever other customary promoting specialized devices (Berthon et al, 2008). There are numerous confirmations and illustrations how organizations use online media for a greater proficient correspondence and good outcomes. It is reported by Facebook in 2010 that over 400 million clients and among then 1.5 million are other business units (Hepburn, 2010). Advertisers ought to consequently get to be more mindful of the significance of these stages what's more, the data spread all through them. The majority of the previously stated truths make online media a fascinating field for examination. They additionally demonstrate its critical administrative importance and scholastic enthusiasm through the absence of numerous past discoveries. Like Larry Weber in 2009 in his book "Marketing to the social web" says: Social media is another methodology that has the limit of changing general conclusion consistently, minute, indeed a second. And, why not shifting brand attitude of the customers? Rational for this study It can be said that in reality where the data and web take a critical part in people groups' lives, the online media sensation will be an intriguing point to examination, and in addition its impact on clients' disposition toward brands. Numerous organizations and extraordinary brands were influenced by the monetary emergency in the late years. Their yearly deals were tumbling down and consumer loyalty was very nearly lessened. The crisis in economy in the end wasn't the main explanation behind the brands disappointment. Brands like MySpace and GAP had to face challenges due to perception issues and had to rebrand. Organizations are always paying consideration on the change of client's feelings and inclination and are attempting to be exceptional with the development of new advancements and in the end stay beside issues of that character. According to Murphy (2011), social media is likewise increasing critical significance in the business part. Around 51% of individuals are permitted to utilize Twitter or Facebook for business purposes at the working spot, contrasted with barely 19% in 2009. Each organization's point is to make positive brand mentality or if not positive, then at any rate a state of mind that will prompt beneficial results, driving positions available and open doors for future development. Thusly the investigation of social media and what is the viability of stages of social media stages on clients' state of mind toward brands will give productive and supportive bits of knowledge to organizations. Research Problem When it initially began its online supermarket, Tesco utilized mass-mailing as a key system for promoting the brand. Anyway following a year, the retailer was confronted with issues, for example, ricocheting of messages and invalid locations. Then, on its devotion front, it likewise saw a decrease in customers. Then Tesco identified that mass-mailing is not just enough to promote the brand, it is very important to make personalised promotions and reach the customers. They understood the need of customers, for whom the social media became the part and parcel of their lives. Then innovative social media strategies of Tesco, now has put forward the services towards customers at heart of every communication. References Berthon, P., Pitt, L. and Campbell, C. (2008). Ad Lib: When Customers Create the Ad. California Management Review, 50(4), pp.6-30. Cheong, H. and Morrison, M. (2008). Consumers Reliance on Product Information and Recommendations Found in UGC. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 8(2), pp.38-49. Hepburn, A. (2010). Facebook: Facts, Figures Statistics For 2010|Digital Buzz Blog. [online] Digitalbuzzblog.com. Available at: https://www.digitalbuzzblog.com/facebook-statistics-facts-figures-for-2010/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Kaplan, A. and Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), pp.59-68. Murphy, R. (2011). Do Companies Need Social Media?. [online] Social Media Today. Available at: https://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/do-companies-need-social-media [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Trusov, M., Bucklin, R. and Pauwels, K. (2009). Effects of Word-of-Mouth versus Traditional Marketing: Findings from an Internet Social Networking Site. SSRN Journal, 73(5), pp.90-102.

Leagalizing Marijuana Essay Example Essay Example

Leagalizing Marijuana Essay Example Paper Leagalizing Marijuana Essay Introduction Smoking weed is nothing new to most Americans. This is generally speaking, but it is safe to say that most Americans have either experimented or know some that are active weed smokers. Smoking weed seems to be a relatively harmless drug when compared to legal drugs and alcohol. Marijuana and other illicit drugs became mainstream in the 1960’s. Marijuana is less addictive and less fatal. Marijuana usage has been popularized across generations and cultures as an â€Å"acceptable† drug. The conversations about Mary Jane (slang term for marijuana) can be plenty. There are the issues of whether marijuana should be legal. Is marijuana a â€Å"gateway† drug to more dangerous or addictive drugs? Do the government handle marijuana related crimes appropriately? Marijuana is illegal. It is illegal to smoke, sale, and possess marijuana in Indiana. Different states are seeming to lean toward making weed legal. Many states have already adopted to allow marijuana usuage for med icinal purposes. Patients are being prescribed legal medical marijuana in places like Rhode Island for cancerous treatments. These are the trends in leniency towards a controlled substance that seemingly has less harmful physical effects than cigarettes. Marijuana usuage is moving closer towards legalization nationwide for medicinal usage and recreational usage. The only issue is the abuse of this drug by those not of legal age. According to the Webster definition, Marijuana is the dried leaves and flowering tops of the pistillate hemp plant that yield THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and is smoked in cigarettes for their intoxicating effect. Leagalizing Marijuana Essay Body Paragraphs The main ingredient to marijuana is THC, and this is what causes the intoxicating effects to the user. The side effects of smoking marijuana range from delayed judgement, increased appetite, and a slight feeling of euphoria (Webster). These are the side effects of using marijuana called the â€Å"high†. The level of ‘high’ will vary from person to person and the amount of marijuana used. Chronic usage of marijuana is not physically addictive, but it is mildly psychologically habit forming (Webster). The excessive user is usually portrayed in the media as lazy and lacks ambition. There are no chemicals in marijuana that makes it addicting like nicotin is addictive in cigarettes. Although marijuana is an illegal controlled substance, some may justify their usage by pointing out weed’s ‘positives’ and opposing it with the ‘negatives’ of other drugs. It is not legal or socially acceptable to go into a public place and smoke a blunt (ma rijuana rolled in a cigar wrap). However, you can buy drinks in a bar and drive home drunk. This is not always the absolute case, but the point is, which of the two is more harsh? Cocaine has been seen as a more socially acceptable drug through a more lavish culture in the 1980’s, but it’s effects are more dangerous than marijuana as well. Marijuana usage is the highest among all illegal drugs. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2012, alcohol and tobacoo users die in more significant numbers of any users of illict drugs (New Internationalist). People lose their lives in significant numbers from drunk drivers’ irresponsibility. Smoking cigarettes is confirmed to cause cancer, and they will kill you. People continue to smoke. One of the oppositions to the cigarette versus weed argument is that marijuana smoke can be just as harmful as cigarette smoke. The way you smoke marijuana and the way you smoke cigarettes are differe nt. Marijuana smoke is inhaled and exhaled slower and longer. Cigarettes are inhaled and exhaled quicker. It is believed that marijuana has just as much carcinogens as cigarettes, which is a cancer causing agent. Marijuana has 50-70% more carcinogens than cigarettes (Winterfeld). Marijuana smokers are at some harm with the carcinogens that causes cancer, but marijuana is also known for helping to cure cancer and an array of other medical issues. Medical marijuana has been proven to be beneficial in an series of health issues and that is why it should be legalized for those purposes. Marijuana has been known to treat various forms of cancer, glaucoma, and AIDS (Webster). There is also an example of a guy being prescribed medical marijuana for stress on the job (Manley). Many states are adopting laws that allow the sale and usage of medical marijuana. There are currently 16 States and the District of Columbus that have legalized marijuana for medical use, Colorado and Washington has l aws that permit marijuana for recreational use (Malinowski,Winterfeld). Medical marijuana brings revenue to states and it is taxed three ways: the grower, processor, and retailer (Malinowski). States that are adopting these laws that permit marijuana usage for medical and recreational reasons are benefiting economically, but marijuana smokers are still subject to the same smoking laws as cigarette smokers. Even in those states that have no smoking laws in public places, the same laws apply for marijuana smokers (Winterfeld). There is supposedly a second-hand ‘high’ you feel from second hand smoke from marijuana, unlike cigarettes this may or may not have a negative effect on the bystander. Aside from the medical issues, and economic issues related to refer (another name for marijuana), medical marijuana is just as risky as any other drug when used irresponsibly by irresponsible individuals. Using drugs has consequences that can affect so many aspects of your life. The v ulnerable teenage years can be trying and adding drugs can lead to a downward slope through negativity. The majority of addictions begin in the adolescent years. There is a significant amount of adults who support legalization of marijuana for recreational use. Since there are health issues related to marijuana usage, these supporters believe marijuana should only be legal for adults 21 years and older. The teenage brain is still developing and using drugs will damage the student putting them at risk for academic failure (Scutti). Failure in academics lead to failures in life after adolescence. The compulsive marijuana user has a list of long term health effects. Excessive marijuana usage over a long period of time will cause the teen’s brain to be â€Å"hard wired† to crave the drug. Compulsive weed smoking can cause problems in relationships, emotional maturity, and jobs. There is also studies that show marijuana usage is linked to early onset schizophrenia and a sig nificant IQ impairment (The News Tribune). These negative issues that comes along with using drugs are very heavy for teenagers. It is important that marijuana, no matter how small we think it is compared to other drugs, should definitely be regulated. Marijuana seems to have relatively less negative effects physically and socially, but it is illegal and the minority drug dealers are often treated unfairly compared to whites that commit the same crimes. The government is seeming to have a hard time with regulating and reducing drug laws and convictions. There has not been a decrease in demand for illegal drugs. The demand for marijuana has increased by 8% from 1998 to 2008. It is also noted that cocaine’s demand increased by 27% and the demand for opiates increased by 34% (The Internationalist). The harder the drug, the more the demand increases. The physical and social harm that any drugs cause cannot really be compared as to which one is worse, but this logic can be applied when we look at the resources that the government use for drug related cases and the unfair convictions when it comes to race. Whites use drugs just as often as blacks, and they are arrested for drug related crimes in the same numbers. Blacks and hispanics are convicted more often than whites though (The Internationalist). This logic is simple, it would be beneficial for lawmakers to consider or reconsider marijuana in terms of drug laws. Marijuana isn’t as harmful, and to place people in prison for marijuana related charges may eventually be obsolete. One of the major concerns about legalizing marijuana, is the accessibility for the youth. Marijuana, like any street drug is easily obtainable. Drug dealers of all forms supply marijuana to users in several different venues. It is even believed that one could buy marijuana from an unnamed library in Indiana the 1970’s. Marijuana is also grown as a cash crop or for personal usage (Manly). The easy access to marijuana mak es it easier for impressionable teenagers to become addictive and experiment with other illicit drugs. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2012, atleast 25% of teenagers in the US have reported drug use. Drug use peaks between the ages of 18-25, and the typical age for drug related deaths is around the mid thirties (The International). This is a short window for teenagers that promote to higher drugs through their adulthood to death. The belief that weed is a gateway drug raises concern for our youth to increase their life span. Drug abusers do not live long. The issue of legalizing marijuana remains to be a multi-faceted issue. Marijuana is good because it is therapeutic in chemotherapy and other terminal illnesses. Medical marijuana is also good for struggling economies to gain extra revenue. Marijuana isn’t as â€Å"bad† as other drugs like crack, or even legal drugs like cigarettes and alcohol. The effects from the ‘hi gh’ may not be as dangerous as a drunk from alcohol. Marijuana can be just as harmful as cigarettes, and are subject to the same laws as the states that are banning tobacco smoke in public places. More states are being more lenient in their drug laws for marijuana use, but this trend has to be regulated to protect our youth. We will write a custom essay sample on Leagalizing Marijuana Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Leagalizing Marijuana Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Leagalizing Marijuana Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Billy Graham Essays - Billy Graham, Free Essays, Term Papers

Billy Graham Essays - Billy Graham, Free Essays, Term Papers Billy Graham This is the Hour of Decision with Billy Graham, coming to you from Minneapolis Minnesota Billy Graham, has preached to more than 210 million people through a live audience, more than anyone else in history. Not only that, but Mr. Graham has reached millions more through live televison, video and film. This has led Billy to be on the Ten Most Admired Men in the World from the Gallup Poll since 1955 a total of thirty-nine times. This includes thirty-two consecutive more than any other individual in the world, placing him as the most popular American for about forty years. This essay is going to talk about Graham's personal life, and what kind of family he grew up in and im also going to talk in detail about how he became an evangelist, because I feel it is very important yet interesting. His accomplishments in the fifties are uncomparable, so I will be including a considerable amount of information concerning that topic. Finally I will be talking about his personal achievements, books written, and how he has been a companion to some of the American Presidents. William Franklin Graham Jr. was born in Charlotte, North Carolina on November 17, 1918. Graham was raised on a dairy farm by William Franklin (deceased 1962) and Morrow Coffey Graham (deceased 1981). In 1943 he married his wife Ruth McCue Bell, and had four children Virginia 1945, Anne Morrow 1948, Ruth Bell 1950, William Franklin, Jr. 1952, and Nelson Edman 1958. At age eighty, he keeps fit by swimming, playing with is nineteen grand children, and from aerobic walking, in the mountains of North Carolina, where he currently lives. (Billy Graham Best Sellers, 1999) Billy Graham told Time Magazine in one article about his life before becoming a preacher. I lived on a farm. The only difference was I had to get up early in the morning and go milk cows. When I came back from school that day, I had to milk those same cows. There were about twenty cows I had to milk. By hand. That was before they had those machines. I loved being a farmer. But God called me to this work that I'm in now. I knew it was God calling. I said, Yes. I will follow what God wants me to do. And so I went to two or three schools to get education. Then I became a pastor of a church. Then I went into evangelism. (Graham, 1999) Graham got his first lesson of the worlds way of the mysterious God, while he was a teen working on his father's farm. Graham's father who was a working man had a calling to go out and to become a preacher, but because of the farm, he never got the chance to do so. Instead he tried to live his own passion through his son, Billy Graham. He was raised by two strict Calvinist parents, who showed him that hard work and honesty was the way all people should live in Gods World. Although Graham rejected these views by his parents, he was still influenced spiritually from his upbringing. At age seventeen, Graham was in the position just like many other seventeen years old's he knew. Graham was popular in high school with the girls, played sports such as basketball and baseball, but was lost on what his future would have in store for him. During this time an evangelist named Mordecai Ham came to Charlotte, to have a three-month revival. He never took too much to the idea, because he did not want to be stuck in a long and boring job that would make him sorry he was ever born. When all of Graham's options for summer nights ran out, he decided to go to the revival, and to see what it was all about. All the time keeping in the back of his mind how he grew up in such a religious family, and how his father always wanted him to take up preaching. One night Ham was speaking out against sinners, and Graham felt that he was talking directly to him, although he was considered a good kid. So to escape the direct gaze of Ham, he joined the revival

The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 Known also as the Simpson-Mazzoli Act for its legislative sponsors, the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 was passed by Congress as an attempt to control illegal immigration into the United States. The legislation passed the U.S. Senate on a 63-24 vote and the House 238-173 in October 1986. President Reagan signed it into law shortly after on Nov. 6. The federal law had provisions that restricted the hiring of illegal immigrants in the workplace and also allowed illegal immigrants already in the country to stay here legally and avoid deportation. Among them: Requiring employers to stipulate that their employees had legal immigration status.Making it illegal for an employer to knowingly hire an illegal immigrant.Creating a guest worker plan for certain seasonal agricultural workers.Increasing enforcement personnel on the U.S. borders.Legalizing the illegal immigrants who entered the country before Jan. 1, 1982 and had been U.S. residents continuously since then, in exchange for back taxes, fines and admission of entering the country illegally. Rep. Romano Mazzoli, D-Ken., and Sen. Alan Simpson, R-Wyo., sponsored the bill in Congress and steered its passage. â€Å"Future generations of Americans will be thankful for our efforts to humanely regain control of our borders and thereby preserve the value of one of the most sacred possessions of our people: American citizenship,† Reagan said upon signing the bill into law. Why Was the 1986 Reform Act a Failure? The president couldnt have been much more mistaken. People on all sides of the immigration argument agree that the 1986 Reform Act was a failure: it didnt keep illegal workers out of the workplace, it didn’t deal with at least 2 million undocumented immigrants who ignored the law or were ineligible to come forward, and most of all, it didnt stop the flow of illegal immigrants into the country. On the contrary, most conservative analysts, among them members of the Tea Party, say that the 1986 law is an example of how amnesty provisions for illegal immigrants encourage more of them to come. Even Simpson and Mazzoli have said, years later, that the law didnt do what they hoped it would. Within 20 years, the number of illegal immigrants living in the United States had at least doubled. Instead of curbing abuses in the workplace, the law actually enabled them. Researchers found that some employers engaged in discriminatory profiling and stopped hiring people who looked like immigrants – Hispanics, Latinos, Asians – to avoid any potential penalties under the law. Other companies enlisted subcontractors as a way to insulate themselves from hiring illegal immigrant workers. The companies then could blame the middlemen for abuses and violations. One of the failings in the bill was not getting wider participation. The law didnt deal with all the illegal immigrants already in the country and didnt reach out more effectively to those who were eligible. Because the law had the Jan. 1982 cutoff date, tens of thousands of undocumented residents were not covered. Thousands of others who might have participated were unaware of the law. In the end, only about 3 million illegal immigrants participated and became legal residents. The failings of the 1986 law were often cited by critics of comprehensive immigration reform during the 2012 election campaign and the congressional negotiations in 2013. Opponents of the reform plan charge that it contains another amnesty provision by granting illegal immigrants a path to citizenship and is sure to encourage more illegal immigrants to come here, just as its predecessor did a quarter-century ago.

CRJS471IP3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CRJS471IP3 - Research Paper Example If the dried blood is on small objects, the whole object should be sent to the laboratory after being packed and labeled. However, if the stains are on large objects or on the floor, they must be covered with clean paper and edges should be sealed with tape. If the object is too big to take to the laboratory or the stains are on the floor, the stains must be scrapped onto a clean paper, which is to be folded and packed in an envelope. The stains must not be scrapped directly in an envelope; they must be scrapped using knives that are freshly washed and dried, or any other similar tool. Dried stains must not be mixed together; they should be kept separately in different envelopes and must not be wiped using wet cloth. Blood stains can be immensely helpful in criminal investigations as modern tests help to specify one person from millions. Forensic scientists may carry out DNA tests, ABO blood types, and many others to find out the exact person (Ian, 2010). If a handgun is found at the crime scene, it should never be submitted directly to the laboratory. Loaded guns must be submitted in person and unfired cartridges should be left in the magazine of the gun when the magazine is removed from it. A handgun with the cartridge must never be shipped or delivered through any method. The bore or the chamber must not be cleaned before submitting, nor should it be attempted to fire. The serial number, model, make, and caliber must be recorded and marked on it. Marking the weapons is an important part as it saves the guns from mixing up with others of the same models but different crime scenes. Handguns must be packed in wooden or cardboard boxes. Blood stains or fingerprints can be present on the weapon which can be tested find out the criminals or people present at the crime scene. Shotguns and rifles, and other types of weapons must be separated from one another and sent separately to laboratories. If there are blood stains, they should be covered with